Mu rwego rw'inganda zikora ibikoresho bya semiconductor, uburyo busanzwe bwo gukora ibikoresho binini kandi bifite imari shingiro burimo guhangana n'impinduka zikomeye. Hamwe n'imurikagurisha rya "CEATEC 2024", Ikigo gishinzwe guteza imbere Minimum Wafer Fab kiri kwerekana uburyo bushya bwo gukora ibikoresho bya semiconductor bukoresha ibikoresho bito cyane byo gukora ibikoresho bya semiconductor mu gutunganya lithography. Ubu buryo bushya burimo kuzana amahirwe adasanzwe ku bigo bito n'ibiciriritse (SMEs) n'ibigo bishya. Iyi nkuru izakusanya amakuru akenewe kugira ngo harebwe amateka, ibyiza, imbogamizi, n'ingaruka zishobora guterwa n'ikoranabuhanga rya minimum wafer fab ku nganda zikora ibikoresho bya semiconductor.
Inganda zikora ibikoresho bya semiconductor ni inganda zikoresha imari n'ikoranabuhanga cyane. Ubusanzwe, inganda zikora ibikoresho bya semiconductor zisaba inganda nini n'ibyumba bisukuye kugira ngo zikore wafers za santimetero 12 ku bwinshi. Ishoramari ry'igishoro kuri buri fab nini ya wafer akenshi rigera kuri tiriyari 2 z'amayen (hafi miliyari 120 z'amayen), bigatuma bigo bito n'ibishya bito bito bitangira kwinjira muri uru rwego. Ariko, bitewe n'uko ikoranabuhanga rya minimum wafer fab rimaze kugaragara, iki kibazo kirimo guhinduka.
Ingano nto ya wafer fabs ni sisitemu nshya zo gukora ibikoresho bya semiconductor zikoresha wafer za santimetero 0.5, bigabanya cyane umusaruro n'ishoramari ry'igishoro ugereranije na wafer za santimetero 12 zisanzwe. Ishoramari ry'ibi bikoresho ringana na miliyoni 500 z'amayen (hafi miliyoni 23.8 z'amayen), bigatuma ibigo bito n'ibiciriritse n'ibigo bishya bitangira gukora ibikoresho bya semiconductor bifite ishoramari rito.
Inkomoko y'ikoranabuhanga riciriritse rya wafer fab ishobora gukururwa n'umushinga w'ubushakashatsi watangijwe n'Ikigo cy'Igihugu cy'Ubumenyi n'Ikoranabuhanga mu Nganda (AIST) mu Buyapani mu 2008. Uyu mushinga wari ugamije gushyiraho icyerekezo gishya mu nganda za semiconductor binyuze mu kugera ku musaruro muke w'ubwoko bwinshi. Uyu mushinga, uyobowe na Minisiteri y'Ubukungu, Ubucuruzi n'Inganda mu Buyapani, wasabaga ubufatanye hagati y'amasosiyete n'imiryango 140 y'Abayapani kugira ngo hatezwe imbere uburyo bushya bwo gukora, hagamijwe kugabanya cyane ikiguzi n'imbogamizi za tekiniki, kwemerera abakora imodoka n'ibikoresho byo mu rugo gukora semiconductor na sensor bakeneye.
**Ibyiza by'ikoranabuhanga rya Minimum Wafer Fab:**
1. **Ishoramari ry’Imari Rigabanutse Cyane:** Ishoramari risanzwe rya wafer fabs risaba ishoramari rirenga miliyari amagana z’amayen, mu gihe ishoramari ryibanzweho ku ishoramari rito rya wafer fabs ari 1/100 kugeza 1/1000 gusa by’ayo mafaranga. Kubera ko buri gikoresho ari gito, nta mpamvu yo gushyiraho ahantu hanini h’inganda cyangwa udupfukamunwa two gufotora kugira ngo habeho urujya n’uruza rw’amashanyarazi, bigabanya cyane ikiguzi cy’imikorere.
2. **Ibintu bishya kandi bitandukanye mu gukora:** Imashini ntoya zikora ibikoresho bya wafer zibanda ku gukora ibicuruzwa bitandukanye bito. Ubu buryo bwo gukora butuma ibigo bito n'ibishya bihinduranya ibintu vuba kandi bigatanga umusaruro ukurikije ibyo bakeneye, bihaza isoko ry'ibicuruzwa bya semiconductor byihariye kandi bitandukanye.
3. **Inzira zoroshye zo gukora:** Ibikoresho byo gukora mu bikoresho bito bya wafer bifite imiterere n'ingano bimwe ku bikorwa byose, kandi ibikoresho byo gutwara wafer (shuttles) ni rusange kuri buri ntambwe. Kubera ko ibikoresho n'imodoka bikorera ahantu hasukuye, nta mpamvu yo kubungabunga ibyumba binini bisukuye. Iyi miterere igabanya cyane ikiguzi cyo gukora no kugorana binyuze mu ikoranabuhanga ryo gusukura rikorerwa ahantu runaka no koroshya uburyo bwo gukora.
4. **Ikoreshwa ry'ingufu nke n'ikoreshwa ry'ingufu mu rugo:** Ibikoresho byo mu nganda bikoresha wafer fabs bifite ikoreshwa ry'ingufu nke kandi bishobora gukora ku ngufu zisanzwe za AC100V zo mu rugo. Iyi miterere ituma ibi bikoresho bikoreshwa ahantu hatari mu byumba bisukuye, bigabanya ikoreshwa ry'ingufu n'ikiguzi cyo gukora.
5. **Imikorere migufi y'inganda:** Inganda nini zikora ibikoresho bya semiconductor akenshi zikenera igihe kirekire cyo gutegereza kuva ku gutumiza kugeza ku kubitanga, mu gihe imashini ntoya zishobora gukora ku gihe umubare ukenewe wa semiconductors mu gihe cyifuzwa. Iyi nyungu igaragara cyane cyane mu nzego nka Internet of Things (IoT), zisaba ibikoresho bito kandi bivanze cyane.
**Iyerekanwa n'Ishyirwa mu Bikorwa ry'Ikoranabuhanga:**
Mu imurikagurisha rya "CEATEC 2024", Ikigo gishinzwe guteza imbere ikoranabuhanga rya Minimum Wafer Fab cyerekanye uburyo bwo gukora lithography hakoreshejwe ibikoresho bito cyane bya semiconductor. Mu imurikagurisha, hateguwe imashini eshatu kugira ngo zerekane uburyo bwo gukora lithography, harimo gukingira, gushyira ahagaragara, no guteza imbere. Agasanduku ko gutwara wafer (shuttle) kari gafashwe mu ntoki, gashyirwa mu bikoresho, hanyuma gakoreshwa hakoreshejwe buto. Nyuma yo kurangiza, shuttle yafashwe igashyirwa ku gikoresho gikurikira. Imiterere y'imbere n'iterambere rya buri gikoresho byagaragajwe ku byuma bigenzura.
Izi nzira eshatu zimaze kurangira, wafer yagenzuwe hakoreshejwe mikorosikopi, igaragaza igishushanyo kirimo amagambo "Happy Halloween" n'igishushanyo cy'ibihumyo. Iri murika ntiryagaragaje gusa ko ikoranabuhanga rya wafer fab rishoboka, ahubwo ryanagaragaje ko rishobora koroha kandi ko rikora neza cyane.
Byongeye kandi, amasosiyete amwe yatangiye kugerageza ikoranabuhanga riciriritse rya wafer fab. Urugero, Yokogawa Solutions, ishami rya Yokogawa Electric Corporation, yatangije imashini zikora ibintu byoroshye kandi bishimishije, zingana n'imashini icuruza ibinyobwa, buri imwe ifite imikorere yo gusukura, gushyushya no gushyira ahagaragara. Izi mashini zikora neza umurongo utunganya ibikoresho bya semiconductor, kandi ubuso buke busabwa ku murongo utunganya "wafer fab mini" ni ingano y'ibibuga bibiri bya tenisi, 1% gusa by'ubuso bw'icyuma gitunganya wafer cya santimetero 12.
Ariko, minimum wafer fabs muri iki gihe iragorwa no guhangana n'inganda nini za semiconductor. Imiterere ya circuit nziza cyane, cyane cyane mu ikoranabuhanga rigezweho (nka 7nm no munsi yayo), iracyashingiye ku bikoresho bigezweho n'ubushobozi bunini bwo gukora. Inzira za wafer za santimetero 0.5 za minimum wafer fabs zikwiriye cyane mu gukora ibikoresho byoroshye, nka sensors na MEMS.
Imashini ntoya za wafer zigaragaza uburyo bushya bwiza bwo gukora ibikoresho bya semiconductor. Birangwa no gukora ibintu bito, bihendutse, kandi bihindagurika, byitezwe ko bizatanga amahirwe mashya ku isoko ku bigo bito n'ibiciriritse n'ibigo bishya. Ibyiza bya za wafer zito bigaragarira cyane cyane mu bice byihariye bikoreshwa nka IoT, sensors, na MEMS.
Mu gihe kizaza, uko ikoranabuhanga rigenda rikura kandi rikazamurwa mu ntera, imashini ntoya zishobora kuba imbaraga zikomeye mu nganda zikora ibikoresho bya semiconductor. Ntabwo ziha ubucuruzi buto amahirwe yo kwinjira muri uru rwego gusa, ahubwo zishobora no guteza imbere impinduka mu miterere y'ibiciro n'uburyo bw'umusaruro by'inganda zose. Kugira ngo iyi ntego igere kuri iyi ntego bizasaba imbaraga nyinshi mu ikoranabuhanga, guteza imbere impano, no kubaka urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima.
Mu gihe kirekire, guteza imbere neza imashini ntoya za wafer fabs bishobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye ku nganda zose za semiconductor, cyane cyane mu bijyanye no gukwirakwiza ibicuruzwa bitandukanye, uburyo bwo gukora ibintu bitandukanye, no kugenzura ikiguzi. Gukoresha iri koranabuhanga cyane bizafasha mu guteza imbere udushya no gutera imbere mu nganda za semiconductor ku isi.
Igihe cyo kohereza: 14 Ukwakira 2024