Mu nganda zikora igice cya kabiri, imigenzo gakondo nini nini, ishoramari ryinshi ry’inganda zihura n’impinduramatwara. Hamwe n’imurikagurisha "CEATEC 2024" ryegereje, Ishami rya Minimum Wafer Fab riteza imbere uburyo bushya bwo gukora semiconductor uburyo bushya bukoresha ibikoresho bya ultr-small semiconductor ibikoresho byo gutunganya lithographie. Iri shyashya rizana amahirwe atigeze abaho ku mishinga mito n'iciriritse (SMEs) no gutangiza. Iyi ngingo izahuza amakuru ajyanye no kumenya amateka, ibyiza, imbogamizi, ningaruka zishobora guterwa na tekinoroji ya wafer fab ku nganda ziciriritse.
Gukora Semiconductor ninganda nini-n’inganda zikoresha cyane. Ubusanzwe, gukora semiconductor bisaba inganda nini nibyumba bisukuye kugirango bibyare umusaruro-waf-12. Ishoramari shoramari kuri buri wafer fab akenshi rigera kuri tiriyari 2 yen (hafi miliyari 120 z'amafaranga y'u Rwanda), bigatuma bigora ibigo bito n'ibiciriritse ndetse n'abitangira kwinjira muri uyu murima. Ariko, hamwe no kugaragara kwa tekinoroji ya wafer ntoya, ibintu birahinduka.
Ntarengwa wafer fabs nuburyo bushya bwo gukora semiconductor ikora sisitemu ya 0.5-ya waferi, igabanya cyane igipimo cy’umusaruro n’ishoramari ry’ishoramari ugereranije na waferi gakondo ya santimetero 12. Ishoramari shoramari muri ibi bikoresho byo gukora ni hafi miliyoni 500 yen (hafi miliyoni 23.8 z'amafaranga y'u Rwanda), bituma imishinga mito n'iciriritse itangira gutangira gukora inganda ziciriritse hamwe n’ishoramari rito.
Inkomoko ya tekinoroji ya wafer fab irashobora guturuka ku mushinga w’ubushakashatsi watangijwe n’ikigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe ubumenyi bw’ikoranabuhanga n’ikoranabuhanga (AIST) mu Buyapani mu mwaka wa 2008. Uyu mushinga wari ugamije gushyiraho icyerekezo gishya mu nganda ziciriritse hifashishijwe kugera ku bintu byinshi bitandukanye , umusaruro-muto. Iyi gahunda iyobowe na Minisiteri y’Ubukungu, Ubucuruzi n’inganda mu Buyapani, yitabiriye ubufatanye hagati y’amasosiyete n’imiryango 140 y’Abayapani mu guteza imbere igisekuru gishya cy’inganda zikora inganda, kigamije kugabanya cyane ibiciro n’inzitizi za tekiniki, bituma abakora amamodoka n’ibikoresho byo mu rugo babyaza umusaruro wa semiconductor na sensor bakeneye.
** Ibyiza bya tekinoroji ya Wafer Fab: **
1. Kubera ko buri gikoresho ari gito, ntihakenewe umwanya munini wuruganda cyangwa fotomasike kugirango habeho uruziga, bigabanya cyane ibiciro byakazi.
2. Ubu buryo bwo kubyaza umusaruro butuma imishinga mito n'iciriritse itangira kwihuta no gutanga umusaruro ukurikije ibyo bakeneye, byujuje ibyifuzo byisoko ryibicuruzwa byabigenewe kandi bitandukanye.
D. Kubera ko ibikoresho na shitingi bikorera ahantu hasukuye, nta mpamvu yo kubungabunga ibyumba binini bisukuye. Igishushanyo kigabanya cyane ibiciro byinganda nuburemere binyuze muburyo bwa tekinoroji isukuye hamwe nuburyo bworoshye bwo gukora.
4. Ibiranga bituma ibyo bikoresho bikoreshwa mubidukikije hanze yibyumba bisukuye, bikagabanya cyane gukoresha ingufu nigiciro cyibikorwa.
5 .. Iyi nyungu igaragara cyane mubice nka interineti yibintu (IoT), bisaba ibicuruzwa bito, bivanze cyane bya semiconductor.
** Kwerekana no Gukoresha Ikoranabuhanga: **
Mu imurikagurisha rya "CEATEC 2024", Ishami rya Minimum Wafer Fab ryamamaza ryerekanye uburyo bwo gukoresha lithographie hakoreshejwe ibikoresho bya ultra-small semiconductor ibikoresho. Mu myiyerekano, imashini eshatu zateguwe kugirango zerekane inzira ya lithographie, yarimo kwifata, kwerekana, no kwiteza imbere. Ikigega cyo gutwara wafer (shutle) cyafatwaga mu ntoki, kigashyirwa mu bikoresho, kandi kigakorwa hakoreshejwe kanda buto. Nyuma yo kurangiza, ubwato bwatoraguwe bushyirwa ku gikoresho gikurikira. Imiterere yimbere niterambere rya buri gikoresho cyerekanwe kubakurikirana.
Izi nzira uko ari eshatu zimaze kurangira, wafer yagenzuwe munsi ya microscope, agaragaza ishusho yanditseho "Umunsi mwiza wa Halloween" hamwe nigishushanyo cy’ibihaza. Iyi myiyerekano ntabwo yerekanye gusa uburyo bushoboka bwa tekinoroji ya wafer fab gusa ahubwo yanagaragaje guhinduka kwayo kandi neza.
Byongeye kandi, ibigo bimwe byatangiye kugerageza nubuhanga bwa wafer fab. Kurugero, Yokogawa Solutions, ishami rya Yokogawa Electric Corporation, yatangije imashini zikora neza kandi zishimishije muburyo bwo gukora, hafi yubunini bwimashini icuruza ibinyobwa, buri kimwe gifite ibikoresho byo gukora isuku, gushyushya, no kwerekana. Izi mashini zikora neza umurongo utanga umusaruro wa semiconductor, kandi agace ntarengwa gasabwa kumurongo wa "mini wafer fab" kangana gusa ninkiko ebyiri za tennis, gusa 1% yubuso bwa wafer fab ya santimetero 12.
Nyamara, byibura wafer fabs irwanira guhangana ninganda nini za semiconductor. Ibishushanyo mbonera byumuzunguruko, cyane cyane mubikorwa byiterambere byiterambere (nka 7nm na munsi), biracyashingira kubikoresho bigezweho hamwe nubushobozi bunini bwo gukora. Inzira ya 0.5-ya wafer yuburyo bwa wafer byibura irakenewe cyane mugukora ibikoresho byoroshye ugereranije, nka sensor na MEMS.
Nibura wafer fabs yerekana uburyo bushya butanga icyizere cyo gukora semiconductor. Kurangwa na miniaturizasiya, igiciro gito, no guhinduka, biteganijwe ko izatanga amahirwe mashya kumasoko mato mato n'ibigo bishya. Ibyiza byibura wafer fabs bigaragara cyane mubice byihariye bisabwa nka IoT, sensor, na MEMS.
Mu bihe biri imbere, uko ikoranabuhanga rikura kandi rikazamurwa mu ntera, byibura wafer fabs ishobora kuba imbaraga zingenzi mu nganda zikora inganda. Ntabwo batanga ubucuruzi buciriritse gusa amahirwe yo kwinjira muriki gice ariko birashobora no guhindura impinduka muburyo bwibiciro hamwe nuburyo bwo gukora inganda zose. Kugera kuri iyi ntego bizasaba imbaraga nyinshi mu ikoranabuhanga, guteza imbere impano, no kubaka urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima.
Mu gihe kirekire, kuzamura neza wafer fabs bishobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye ku nganda zose zikoresha amashanyarazi, cyane cyane mubijyanye no gutandukanya amasoko, uburyo bwo gukora bworoshye, no kugenzura ibiciro. Ikoreshwa ryinshi ryikoranabuhanga rizafasha mu guhanga udushya no gutera imbere mu nganda zikoresha igice cya kabiri.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukwakira-25-2024