Samsung Electronics, yari isanzwe iri inyuma cyane ya TSMC yo muri Tayiwani mu nganda z’ibikomoka ku mashini zikora ibikoresho bya semiconductor, ubu iri kwibanda ku kunoza ikoranabuhanga no kwihutisha imbaraga zayo zo kuvugurura. Mbere yaho, bitewe n’umusaruro muke, Samsung yahuye n’imbogamizi mu ntangiriro zo gutangiza ikoranabuhanga ryayo rya 3nm, ariko iherutse gushimangira ikoranabuhanga ryayo rya 3nm kandi irimo gukora kugira ngo igabanye icyuho na TSMC mu nganda za 2nm. Abahanga mu nganda bateganya ko uko uruganda rwayo rukora ibikoresho bya wafer ruri i Taylor, muri Texas, rugenda rwongera ubushobozi, ubucuruzi bwa Samsung bw’ibikomoka ku mashini buteganijwe kunguka guhera mu 2027, bikaba ari intangiriro y’umugaragaro ya Samsung yo gushakisha TSMC mu buryo bwuzuye.
Kwagura ubushobozi bwa 2nm
Isosiyete ikora ubushakashatsi ku isoko yitwa Counterpoint Research yahanuye ku ya 20 ko ubushobozi bwa Samsung bwo gukora 2nm buziyongeraho 163%, kuva kuri wafer 8.000 ku kwezi mu 2024 kugera kuri wafer 21.000 ku kwezi mu mpera z'umwaka utaha. Uku kwagura ubushobozi bishingiye ku musaruro uhamye wa 2nm ya Samsung. Counterpoint Research yagaragaje ko: "Mu gihe Samsung itsindira abakiriya benshi mu nzego nka telefoni zigendanwa, supercomputer, n'ubwenge bw'ubukorano, iterambere ryayo mu gukora 2nm rishobora kuba ihinduka rikomeye. Niba umusaruro ukomeje kwiyongera kandi umusaruro mwinshi mu ruganda rwa Taylor ukagenda neza, Samsung byitezwe ko izagabanya cyane icyuho cyo guhangana na TSMC mu rwego rwo gukora ikoranabuhanga rigezweho ku nshuro ya mbere mu bisekuruza."
Muri iki gihe, umusaruro wa Samsung wa 2nm uvugwa ko wazamutse ukagera kuri 55% kugeza kuri 60%. Iri terambere ryakuruye abakiriya benshi bakomeye kugira ngo bakurikize uburyo bwayo bugezweho. Muri Nyakanga uyu mwaka, Samsung yasinye amasezerano ya miliyari 16.5 z'amadolari (hafi tiriyari 24.28) na Tesla yo gukora chip yayo ya AI6 yo mu gisekuru gishya. Byongeye kandi, Samsung yanabonye amadosiye ya Exynos 2600 terefone zigendanwa (AP) iturutse kuri Samsung System LSI, sensors z'amashusho ziturutse kuri Apple, na ASICs zo gucukura cryptocurrency ziturutse ku bigo by'Abashinwa WIFI na Canaan Technology. Abashinzwe AP ba Qualcomm nabo biteganijwe ko bazahabwa amadosiye vuba.
Ingamba zo guhindura ibiciro zikurura abakiriya
Dukurikije amakuru ya TrendForce, TSMC yiganje ku isoko ry’inganda zikora utuntu tw’umukara mu gihembwe cya kabiri ifite imigabane 70.2% ku isoko, mu gihe Samsung Electronics yari ifite imigabane 7.3%. Iki cyuho cyagabanutse kigera kuri 30% mu 2019, ariko kuva icyo gihe cyongeye kwaguka.
Ariko, muri rusange inganda z’ikoranabuhanga zizera ko Samsung ishobora guhangana na TSMC mu rwego rwo gutunganya ikoranabuhanga rya 2nm. Samsung yashyizeho ikoranabuhanga rya Gate-All-Around (GAA) mu buryo bwayo bwa 3nm, rigabanya amazi asohoka kandi rikongera cyane imikorere n’ingufu ugereranije n’imiterere gakondo ya FinFET. Samsung yakoresheje ikoranabuhanga rya GAA kuva mu buryo bwayo bwa 3nm, mu gihe TSMC itatangiye kurikoresha kugeza mu buryo bwayo bwa 2nm. Umwe mu bahanga mu nganda yagize ati: "Samsung yatsinze imbogamizi za 3nm kandi yunguka ubunararibonye bwinshi muri GAA, ibishyira mu mwanya utandukanye rwose n’uwa TSMC, yatangiye gukoresha iri koranabuhanga rishya."
Muri iki gihe, TSMC irimo guhura n’ubwiyongere bw’amadosiye aturutse ku bakiriya bakomeye nka Nvidia na Apple. Raporo zigaragaza ko TSMC yongereye igiciro cya wafers zayo za 2nm ku kigero cya 50% ugereranije n’ibisekuru byabanje. Ibi bishobora gufasha Samsung, irimo gukoresha ingamba zo guhindura ibiciro kugira ngo ikure abakiriya. Mu kwibanda ku kubona abakiriya batandukanye bakora ibintu bitandukanye n’ingano y’umusaruro, ubucuruzi bwa Samsung bwerekanye ibimenyetso byo kuzamuka. Vuba aha, Samsung yatsindiye amasezerano yo gukora ibintu bivuye ku masosiyete mashya ya Amerika yitwa Chabarite (4nm) na Anaphae (28nm), ndetse na DeepX (2nm) yo muri Koreya y'Epfo. Umwe mu bakora ibijyanye n’ikoranabuhanga rya semiconductor yagize ati: "Kuba TSMC yibanda ku bigo binini mu ikoranabuhanga nka Nvidia na Apple bituma bigorana kwakira amadosiye mashya mu gihe bizamura ibiciro bya wafer. Ibi bitanga isoko ryihariye Samsung ishobora gukoresha."
Kugera ku ntego z'inyungu
Inganda z’ikoranabuhanga ziteze ko ubucuruzi bwa Samsung, bumaze imyaka myinshi butakaza miliyari amagana z’amafaranga buri gihembwe, buzongera kunguka guhera mu 2027. Ibi ahanini biterwa n’ubwiyongere bw’ubushobozi bwitezwe mu ruganda rwayo rwa Austin ndetse n’umusaruro mwinshi wa chip ya Tesla AI6 mu ruganda rwa Taylor, guhera mu 2027.
Mu kiganiro cyayo cy’inyungu mu gihembwe cya gatatu, Samsung yagize iti: "Twabonye amabwiriza menshi yibanda ku bikorwa bigezweho, harimo n’amasezerano menshi y’abakiriya kuri gahunda yacu ya 2nm. Uko ibicuruzwa bishya bikoresha imikorere yacu ya 2nm bitangira gukorwa ku bwinshi, twiteze ko imikorere izarushaho kuba myiza binyuze mu gukomeza kongera umusaruro no gufata ingamba zihendutse."
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ugushyingo-10-2025