Mu minsi ishize, habayeho kwihuza no kugura ibikoresho mu nganda za semiconductor ku isi, aho ibigo binini nka Qualcomm, AMD, Infineon, na NXP byose bigira uruhare mu kwihutisha ihuzwa ry’ikoranabuhanga no kwaguka kw’isoko.
Izi ngamba ntizigaragaza gusa ingamba z’ibigo mu gushaka ubufatanye bukomeye n’inyungu zuzuzanya mu irushanwa rikomeye ry’isoko, ahubwo zigaragaza kandi ko imiterere y’inganda za semiconductor ishobora kuzana impinduka nshya.
Mu gusuzuma ihuzwa ry’ibigo mpuzamahanga bya semiconductor n’igurwa ryabyo vuba aha, nasobanuye mu magambo ane y’ingenzi: AI, MCU+, imodoka, na EDA.
MCU+AI: icyerekezo kidasubirwaho
STMicroelectronics yaguze Deeplite, yibanda ku gukoresha ikoranabuhanga rya AI rigezweho
Muri Mata uyu mwaka, STMicroelectronics (ST) yaguze ikigo gishya cya Kanada cyitwa Deeplite, cyakuruye ibitekerezo by’inganda. Nkuko twese tubizi, ikibazo gikomeye gihura na moderi zo kwiga byimbitse mu ikoreshwa ryazo mu bucuruzi ni urwego rw’imikorere yazo, ibisabwa na poroseseri, n’imbaraga zikoreshwa. Deeplite ikemura iki kibazo itanga moteri ya porogaramu yikora kugira ngo ikore neza moderi za DNN (deep neural network), bityo ishoboza AI gukora edge computing kuri buri gikoresho.
Deeplite yashinzwe mu 2017, izwiho uburyo bwayo bwa "edge AI solution" ya DeepSeek, yibanda ku kunoza, gupima no gukanda moderi za "AI". Neutrino, ikoresha "AI optimizer" nshya, ishobora gukanda moderi nini zo kwiga cyane kugeza ku kimwe cya cumi cy'ingano yazo y'umwimerere mu gihe igumana ubunyangamugayo burenze 98%. Binyuze mu ikoranabuhanga ritatu ry'ingenzi - gukata ibiro (gukuraho ibipimo bidafite agaciro), gupima (kugabanya ibisabwa mu kubara) no gupima (kongera igipimo cy'uburemere budafite agaciro), moderi nini za "AI" zishobora gukora vuba, nto kandi zikoresha ingufu nyinshi ku bikoresho bya "edge". Porogaramu zasabaga ubushobozi bwo gukoresha "cloud computing" mbere ubu zishobora gukora neza ku bikoresho bya "edge" nka kamera za terefone zigendanwa na "sensors" z'inganda.
Deeplite yakuruye abantu benshi mu ntangiriro zayo, kandi yagizwe umukinnyi ukomeye mu bya AI na Gartner, Forbes, Inside AI, na ARM AI. Uku kugura bifitanye isano rya hafi n'impinduka za STMicroelectronics mu bya AI, zihuza ibikoresho na porogaramu mu buryo bwa "double helix". Ikoranabuhanga rya Deeplite ryo kunoza imiterere ryahujwe cyane na STMicroelectronics' STM32 series MCUs na NPUs zabugenewe kugira ngo zishyigikire iyubakwa ry'ibisubizo bya AI kuva ku mpera kugeza ku mpera. Urugero, mu ruganda rugezweho, kamera zifite chips za STMicroelectronics zishobora kubona amakosa mu buryo butaziguye zidashyize amakuru mu bubiko bw'amashusho, kandi umuvuduko wo gusubiza wiyongeraho inshuro 40.
Ku rundi ruhande, Deeplite ifite itsinda ry’abahanga mu bya algorithme ya AI ku rwego rw’isi, aho ST izakoresha ibikoresho birenga 200 byo guteza imbere AI kugira ngo habeho urwego rw’iterambere rw’ “icyitegererezo cy’ibyitegererezo by’isomero-optimizer-hardware”. Muri make, kugura Deeplite ntikuzuza gusa igice cya nyuma cya ST ku rwego rwa porogaramu za AI, ahubwo binagaragaza impinduka mu nganda za semiconductor kuva ku “gukora chips” kugera ku “gukora ubwonko”.
NXP yaguze sosiyete ya NPU Kinara kugira ngo ihindure smart edge
Muri Gashyantare uyu mwaka, NXP yatangaje ko iguze ikigo cya Amerika gishinzwe gukoresha ikoranabuhanga rya "edge AI chips" cya Kinara ku mafaranga miliyoni 307 z'amadolari y'Amerika. Kinara yashinzwe mu 2013, itangira kwitwa Core Viz, nyuma iza kwitwa Deep Vision, ihita ihindurwa Kinara mu 2022. Ikigo cya Kinara gishinzwe gukoresha ikoranabuhanga rya "NPU" (harimo Ara-1 na Ara-2) kiyoboye inganda mu mikorere no mu gukoresha ingufu, bigatuma iba igisubizo cyiza ku mikoreshereze mishya ya "AI" ishingiye ku kureba, ijwi, ibimenyetso n'izindi gahunda zitandukanye za "AI", kandi uburyo bwo kuyikoresha butuma ishobora guhinduka ikoresheje algorithme za "AI" zigenda zihinduka.
NXP yavuze ko uku kugura kuzahuza NPU yigenga ya Kinara na porogaramu zayo za poroseseri, porogaramu zo guhuza no kurinda umutekano, bizafasha gutanga urubuga rwuzuye kandi rushobora kwaguka rwa AI kuva kuri TinyML kugeza kuri AI ikora kugira ngo ihuze n'ibikenewe mu bijyanye na AI ku masoko y'inganda n'imodoka bikura vuba. Ibi bizafasha guhanga sisitemu nshya zishingiye kuri AI mu nzego z'inganda na IoT, bifashe abakiriya koroshya ingorane, kwihutisha igihe cyo kugurisha, no kongera ubushobozi bwa tekiniki mu nzego nk'imodoka zigezweho, bigana mu nzego zifite agaciro kanini.
Edge AI: Ikibuga cy'Intambara ku Bakora MCU
Hamaze igihe kinini hari igitekerezo kitari cyo mu rwego rw'ubwenge bw'ubukorano ko "igipimo ari imbaraga". Nubwo moderi nini zifite imikorere myiza, zihura n'imbogamizi mu ikoreshwa ryazo - ikoreshwa ryazo ryinshi ry'ingufu ritandukanye n'ibisabwa ku ruhande rw'inyongera. Impuguke mu nganda zagaragaje kenshi imbogamizi zishingiye ku ikoreshwa rya moderi nini: ku ruhande rumwe, guhugura no gukoresha moderi nini bisaba umutungo mwinshi wa mudasobwa; ku rundi ruhande, ibice by'ingenzi byo guteza imbere inganda z'ubwenge bw'ubukorano ni ibikoresho bya mudasobwa na terminal birushaho kwitabwaho cyane n'ikoreshwa ry'ingufu n'igihe gito.
Ntabwo bigoye kumva ko ibyavumbuwe haruguru bigaragaza ko urugamba rukomeye rwa MCU rurimo guhinduka rukajya ku kubara imbuga za AI. Biteganijwe ko mu 2025, 75% by'amakuru azaba yatunganyijwe ku mfuruka, bigaragaza ubushobozi bunini bw'isoko rya MCU rya AI. Ibi bigaragaza ko icyifuzo cya edge AI computing kirimo kwiyongera cyane, kandi MCU, nk'igice cy'ingenzi cy'ibikoresho bya edge, izagira uruhare runini muri iki gikorwa.
Mu gihe kizaza, MCU ntizizongera kugarukira ku mikorere gakondo yo kugenzura, ahubwo zizajya zihuza buhoro buhoro ubushobozi bwo gutekereza bwa AI kandi zikoreshwe mu bintu nko kumenya amashusho, gutunganya amajwi, no kubungabunga ibikoresho mbere y’igihe. MCU zifite ubushobozi bwo gukoresha mudasobwa mu buryo bwa edge zizaba ingenzi mu gutwara imbaraga za edge computing bitewe n’ingufu zazo nke, ubushobozi bwazo buhanitse, no gusubiza ako kanya, bitanga inkunga ikomeye ku bikoresho na sisitemu by’ikoranabuhanga.
Izindi nganda zikomeye za MCU nazo zirimo kugura no guhangana muri uru rwego, nko kugura Renesas Electronics ya Reality AI, kugura Imagimob yo muri Suwede ya Infineon, no gutangiza NXP porogaramu yo kwigisha imashini eIQ na AI tool chain NANO.
Byaragaragaye ko ubuhanga bwo gukora imibonano mpuzabitsina mu buryo bwa elegitoroniki (edge ai) buzaba urubuga rw'ingenzi rw'aba MCU mu myaka mike iri imbere.
Ibyuma by'ikoranabuhanga mu modoka: intego y'irushanwa ry'imari
Vuba aha, guhuza no kugura ibikoresho bya semiconductor bijyanye n'imikorere y'imodoka byakunze kugaragara. Uretse ingufu z'ikoranabuhanga mu mikoreshereze y'ikoranabuhanga, iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga rya powertrain y'imodoka, guhuza umuyoboro w'itumanaho mu modoka, amajwi mu modoka n'andi makoranabuhanga nabyo byatumye habaho ivugurura n'ivugururwa ry'ikoranabuhanga rya semiconductor, bituma amasosiyete afitanye isano yongera imiterere y'ikoranabuhanga ryayo binyuze mu guhuza no kugura ibikoresho.
Inganda za semiconductor ni inganda zisanzwe zikoresha ikoranabuhanga kandi zikoresha imari shingiro. Iyo urebye inyuma mu myaka mike ishize, kwishyira hamwe no kwihuza byabaye ikintu kidasubirwaho mu iterambere ry’inganda.
Ibigo bikomeye bya AI bikunze kugura ibikoresho mu rwego rwo kunoza imiterere y'ikoranabuhanga ryabyo no kubaka inyungu yuzuye ya "chip + system + ecosystem". Inganda zizwi za MCU zirimo guhinduka buhoro buhoro zijya ku rwego rwo hejuru rwa AI, zigerageza kwigarurira isoko rya "smart terminal" rifite ingufu nke kandi rikoresha ubushobozi buke. Mu rwego rw'imodoka, ikoreshwa ry'ikoranabuhanga mu modoka, gutwara imodoka zigenga no guhuza amakuru byabaye ahantu heza ho guhatana mu nguzanyo. Muri icyo gihe, inganda za EDA zirimo kuva mu gutanga ibikoresho zijya mu kubaka urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima. Ibigo bikomeye bihuza IP n'imikorere y'igishushanyo, kandi byubaka isoko binyuze mu buryo bw'ikoranabuhanga bwa "ibikoresho-imiterere-isanzwe".
Muri iki gihe cyo kwihuza no kugura, ubufatanye mu ikoranabuhanga, kwaguka kw'isoko no kwiganza mu rusobe rw'ibinyabuzima byabaye ingingo nyamukuru. Amasosiyete agomba kuringaniza ubufatanye bw'igihe gito n'ubushakashatsi n'iterambere ry'igihe kirekire mu gihe cy'ubwiyongere bw'imari. Bitewe n'imbogamizi z'ikoranabuhanga n'uburyo inganda za semiconductor zikoresha amafaranga menshi, iri hinduka si "inzira y'ubusamo" ahubwo ni "marathon" isaba ishoramari ry'igihe kirekire.
Igihe cyo kohereza: 30 Kamena-2025