Amakuru yinganda: GPU atwara ibyifuzo bya Silicon

Silicon ni ibintu bya kabiri cyane ku isi, nyuma ya ogisijeni, hamwe n'ibikoresho bya karindwi mu isanzure. Silicon ni semiconductor, bivuze ko ifite imitungo y'amashanyarazi hagati y'abayobora (nk'umuringa) na susulateri (nk'ikirahure). Umubare muto wa atome mumahanga mu miterere ya Silicon urashobora guhindura byimazeyo imyitwarire, bityo ubuziranenge bwa Secokonductor-Icyiciro cya Silicon kigomba gucika intege. Umubare ntarengwa ushobora kwezwa kuri silicon yicyiciro cya elegitoronike ni 99.999999%.

Ibi bivuze ko Atom imwe itari i Silicon yonyine yemewe kuri miliyari icumi atome. Amazi meza yo kunywa yemerera miriyoni 40 idafite amazi, nikihe miriyoni 50 itanduye kuruta semiconductor-Icyiciro cya Silicon.

Blatlicon Silicon Wafer Abakora bagomba guhindura isuku ndende muri Silicon yuzuye-yuzuye-imiterere ya Crystal. Ibi bikorwa no kumenyekanisha umubyeyi umwe Crystal muri Silicon yashongere ku bushyuhe bukwiye. Nkuko umukobwa mushya wa Crystals atangira gukura hafi ya nyina Crystal, muri Silicon Ingot Forte ivuye muri silicon yashongere. Inzira iratinda kandi irashobora gufata icyumweru. Ingot ya Silicon yarangije ingute ipima hafi 100 kandi irashobora gukora waffers zirenga 3.000.

Wafers yaciwe mubice bito ukoresheje insinga nziza ya diyama. Ibikoresho bya silicon byaciwe cyane, kandi ibikorwa bigomba guhora bikurikiranwa, cyangwa bizatangira gukoresha ibikoresho byo gukora ibintu byubusa kumusatsi. Intangiriro ngufi kumusaruro wa Silicon Byoroheje kandi ntabwo yishimira byimazeyo imisanzu ya geniuse; Ariko bizeye gutanga amateka yimbitse yo gusobanukirwa neza nubucuruzi bwa Silicon Wafer.

Gutanga no gusaba umubano wa Silicon

Isoko rya silicon ryagabanijwe namasosiyete ane. Kuva kera, isoko ryabaye muburyo bwiza bworoshye hagati yo gutanga no gusaba.
Gutangira kugurisha Semiconductor muri 2023 byatumye isoko riba mu rwego rwo hejuru, bigatera abakora ibikorwa bya Chip imbere ndetse no hanze kugira ngo bibe hejuru. Ariko, ibi nibihe byigihe gito. Nkuko isoko yagaruwe, inganda zizagaruka vuba kubushobozi kandi ugomba kubahiriza izindi nyandiko zazanywe na revolution ya AI. Inzibacyuho kuva ubwubatsi gakondo bwa CPU gakondo bwo kwihutisha kubara bizagira ingaruka ku nganda zose, kimwe na uko, ibi ariko bigira ingaruka ku gice gike cy'inganda za Semiconductor.

Igishushanyo mbonera cyo gutunganya (GPU) gisaba ahantu henshi muri silicon

Mugihe icyifuzo cyo kwiyongera, abakora GPU bagomba gutsinda aho bagarukira kugirango bagerageze imikorere yo hejuru muri GPU. Biragaragara, gukora chip nini nuburyo bumwe bwo kugera kubikorwa byinshi, nkuko electron idakunda gukora urugendo rurerure hagati yimpanuka zitandukanye, zigabanya imikorere. Ariko, hariho imipaka ifatika yo gukora chip nini, izwi nka "retina ntarengwa".

Intangiriro ya Lithography yerekeza ku bunini bwa chip ishobora kugaragara mu ntambwe imwe mu mashini ya Lithography ikoreshwa mukora ingwate ya semiconductor. Iyi mbogamizi igenwa numurima ntarengwa wa rukuruzi wibikoresho bya Lithography, cyane cyane ikiruhuko cyangwa scaneri ikoreshwa muburyo bwa lithography. Ku ikoranabuhanga rigezweho, imipaka ya mask irasanzwe muri milimetero kare 858. Ubunini bufite agaciro ni ngombwa cyane kuko bugena ahantu ntarengwa dushobora gushushanya kuri wafer mugihe kimwe. Niba wafer ari nini kuruta iyi mipaka, hazakenerwa byinshi bizakurura kugirango wafered wafer, bidakwiye kubyara umusaruro mwinshi kubera ibibazo bigoye no guhuza. GB200 GB200 izatsinda iyi mbogamizi muguhuza ibice bibiri bya chip hamwe nubunini bwa chip imbogamizi muri inteko ya silicon, igakora super-flantle-nkeya irenze inshuro ebyiri. Ibindi bikorwa byimikorere nuburyo bwo kwibuka hamwe nintera kuri kiriya kimenyetso (ni ukuvuga kwibuka igitambaro). Ubwubatsi bushya bwa GPU bwatsinze iki kibazo ukoresheje ububiko bukoreshwa cyane (HBM) bwashyizwe kumurongo umwe wa Silicon hamwe na chip ebyiri za GPU. Kuva mubitekerezo bya silicon, ikibazo na HBM nuko buri gice cya silicon cyikubye kabiri ikinamico gakondo kubera intera ndende ihwanye na interineti isabwa. HBM nayo ihuza ibitekerezo bya logique muri buri gice, kongera agace ka silicon. Kubara neza byerekana ko agace ka silicon gakoreshwa muri 2.5D GPU ubwubatsi bwa 2.5d GPU ni inshuro 2,5 kugeza kuri 3 kumwanya gakondo 2.0D ubwubatsi. Nkuko byavuzwe haruguru, keretse ibigo byashizwemo byiteguye iyi mpinduka, ubushobozi bwa Silicon burashobora kongera gukomera cyane.

Ubushobozi bw'ejo hazaza h'isoko rya silicon

Iyambere mu mategeko atatu y'ibikorwa bya Semiconductor ni uko amafaranga menshi akeneye gushora igihe amafaranga make arahari. Ibi biterwa na kamere ya cyclical, hamwe namasosiyete ya semiconductor afite ikibazo gukurikira iri tegeko. Nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo, abakora ibinyabuzima byinshi byamenye ingaruka ziyi mpinduka kandi batsinze inshuro ebyiri amafaranga yigihembwe cyagenwe mugihe cya kane gishize. Nubwo isoko ritoroshye, ibi biracyari ikibazo. Niki gishimishije cyane nuko iyi myumvire yagiye igihe kirekire. Ibigo bya Silicon Wafer biragira amahirwe cyangwa hari ikintu abandi batabikora. Urunigi rwa Semiconductor ni imashini yigihe ishobora guhanura ibizaza. Ejo hazaza hawe hashobora kuba amateka yundi muntu. Mugihe tutarabona ibisubizo, twegera buri gihe tubona ibibazo byingirakamaro.