Gupakira Semiconductor byahindutse kuva muburyo bwa 1D PCB bugera kumurongo wa 3D Hybrid ihuza urwego rwa wafer. Iri terambere ryemerera guhuza intera hagati yumubare umwe wa micron, hamwe numuyoboro mugari wa 1000 GB / s, mugihe ukomeza ingufu nyinshi. Intandaro ya tekinoroji ya semiconductor yapakiwe ni 2.5D ipakira (aho ibice bishyirwa kumurongo kuruhande rwagati) hamwe no gupakira 3D (bikubiyemo gutondekanya ibyuma bikora). Izi tekinoroji ningirakamaro mugihe kizaza cya sisitemu ya HPC.
2.5D tekinoroji yo gupakira ikubiyemo ibikoresho bitandukanye byo hagati, buri kimwe gifite ibyiza byacyo. Ibice bya Silicon (Si) byunganirwa, harimo na wafer ya silicon yuzuye yuzuye hamwe nibiraro bya silicon byaho, bizwiho gutanga ubushobozi bwiza bwo gukoresha insinga, bigatuma biba byiza kubara neza. Nyamara, birazimvye mubijyanye nibikoresho hamwe ninganda kandi bigarukira aho bapakira. Kugira ngo ibyo bibazo bigabanuke, imikoreshereze y’ibiraro bya silicon iragenda yiyongera, ikoresha ingamba za silicon aho imikorere myiza ari ngombwa mugihe gikemura inzitizi z’akarere.
Ibice byahuza ibice, ukoresheje plastiki yububiko bwa plastike, nuburyo buhenze cyane bwa silicon. Bafite dielectric yo hasi ihoraho, igabanya gutinda kwa RC muri paki. Nubwo ibyo byiza byose, urwego rwumuhuza rwibanze rugerageza kugera kurwego rumwe rwo kugabanya imiterere ihuza imiyoboro ya silicon ishingiye kubipfunyika, bikabuza kwakirwa mubikorwa byo kubara cyane.
Ibirahuri by'ibirahure byagize inyungu nyinshi, cyane cyane nyuma ya Intel iherutse gushyira ahagaragara ibinyabiziga bipima ibizamini. Ikirahuri gitanga ibyiza byinshi, nka coefficente ihindagurika yo kwagura ubushyuhe (CTE), guhagarara neza kurwego rwo hejuru, kugaragara neza kandi neza, hamwe nubushobozi bwo gushyigikira inganda zikora, bigatuma iba umukandida utanga ikizere mubyiciro hagati bifite ubushobozi bwo gukoresha insinga ugereranije na silicon. Ariko, usibye ibibazo bya tekiniki, imbogamizi nyamukuru yibirahuri hagati yimiterere ni urusobe rwibinyabuzima bidakuze ndetse no kubura ubushobozi bunini bwo gukora. Mugihe urusobe rwibinyabuzima rukuze nubushobozi bwo kubyaza umusaruro, tekinoroji ishingiye ku kirahure mu gupakira igice cya semiconductor irashobora kubona iterambere no kwakirwa.
Kubijyanye na tekinoroji yo gupakira 3D, Cu-Cu bump-nkeya ya Hybrid ihuza ikoranabuhanga rigezweho. Ubu buhanga buhanitse bugera ku mikoranire ihoraho muguhuza ibikoresho bya dielectric (nka SiO2) hamwe nibyuma byashizwemo (Cu). Ihuza rya Cu-Cu rishobora kugera ku ntera iri munsi ya microne 10, mubisanzwe mu ntera imwe ya micron, ibyo bikaba byerekana iterambere ryinshi hejuru ya tekinoroji ya micro-bump, ifite umwanya wa microni 40-50. Ibyiza byo guhuza imvange harimo kwiyongera I / O, kwaguka kwagutse, kunoza 3D vertical vertical stacking, gukoresha neza ingufu, no kugabanya ingaruka za parasitike hamwe nubushyuhe bwumuriro bitewe no kutuzura hasi. Nyamara, iri koranabuhanga riragoye gukora kandi rifite ibiciro byinshi.
2.5D na tekinoroji yo gupakira ikubiyemo uburyo butandukanye bwo gupakira. Mu gupakira 2.5D, bitewe no guhitamo ibikoresho byo hagati, birashobora gushyirwa mubice bishingiye kuri silikoni, bishingiye ku binyabuzima, n’ibirahuri bishingiye ku kirahure, nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo kiri hejuru. Mu gupakira 3D, iterambere rya tekinoroji ya micro-bump igamije kugabanya ibipimo byintera, ariko uyumunsi, ukoresheje tekinoroji yo guhuza imvange (uburyo bwo guhuza Cu-Cu itaziguye), ibipimo byimibare imwe bishobora kugerwaho, bikerekana iterambere ryinshi mumurima .
** Ibyingenzi byingenzi byikoranabuhanga kureba: **
1. TSMC ni isoko rikomeye rya 2.5D ya silicon yo hagati ya NVIDIA hamwe nabandi bateza imbere HPC nka Google na Amazon, kandi iyi sosiyete iherutse gutangaza ko izatanga umusaruro mwinshi wo mu gisekuru cyayo cya mbere CoWoS_L ifite ubunini bwa 3.5x. IDTechEx iteganya ko iyi nzira izakomeza, hamwe niterambere ryaganiriweho muri raporo yayo ikubiyemo abakinnyi bakomeye.
2. Ubu buryo bwo gupakira butuma hakoreshwa ibice binini byo hagati kandi bigafasha kugabanya ibiciro bitanga ibicuruzwa byinshi icyarimwe. Nubwo bishoboka, ibibazo nkubuyobozi bwintambara biracyakemutse. Kwiyongera kwayo kwerekana ibyifuzo bigenda byiyongera kubiciro binini, bikoresha amafaranga menshi.
3.. Ibirahuri by'ibirahure nabyo birahujwe no gupakira urwego, bitanga amahirwe yo gukoresha insinga nyinshi cyane ku giciro cyacungwa neza, bigatuma iba igisubizo cyiza kubijyanye na tekinoroji yo gupakira.
4 .. Iri koranabuhanga ryakoreshejwe mubicuruzwa bitandukanye byo murwego rwohejuru rwa seriveri, harimo AMD EPYC kuri SRAM hamwe na CPU, hamwe na MI300 yo guteranya CPU / GPU kuri I / O ipfa. Biteganijwe ko guhuza Hybrid bizagira uruhare runini mugutezimbere kwa HBM, cyane cyane kubikoresho bya DRAM birenga 16-Hi cyangwa 20-Hi.
5 .. Ibikoresho bifatanyirijwe hamwe (CPO) birahinduka igisubizo cyingenzi cyo kuzamura umurongo wa I / O no kugabanya ingufu zikoreshwa. Ugereranije no gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi gakondo, itumanaho ryiza ritanga ibyiza byinshi, harimo ibimenyetso byo hasi byerekana intera ndende, kugabanya ubukana bwambukiranya imipaka, no kongera umurongo mugari. Izi nyungu zituma CPO ihitamo neza kuri sisitemu yibikorwa, ikoresha ingufu za HPC.
** Amasoko y'ingenzi yo kureba: **
Isoko ryambere ritera imbere iterambere rya tekinoroji ya 2.5D na 3D ntagushidikanya ni urwego rwo hejuru rwo kubara (HPC). Ubu buryo bwo gupakira buhanitse ni ingenzi cyane kugirango tuneshe imbogamizi z'amategeko ya Moore, zifasha transistor nyinshi, kwibuka, no guhuza imiyoboro imwe. Isenyuka rya chip naryo ryemerera gukoresha neza inzira yimikorere hagati yimikorere itandukanye, nko gutandukanya I / O guhagarika kubitunganya, kurushaho kuzamura imikorere.
Usibye kubara neza cyane (HPC), andi masoko nayo ateganijwe kugera ku iterambere binyuze mu gukoresha tekinoroji yo gupakira. Mu mirenge ya 5G na 6G, udushya nko gupakira antenne hamwe no gukemura ibibazo bya chip bizahindura ejo hazaza h’urusobe rwubatswe (RAN). Ibinyabiziga byigenga nabyo bizabyungukiramo, kuko ubwo buhanga bushyigikira guhuza sisitemu ya sensor hamwe na comptabilite kugirango itunganyirize amakuru menshi mugihe umutekano, kwiringirwa, guhuzagurika, ingufu nogucunga amashyuza, no gukoresha neza ibiciro.
Ibyuma bya elegitoroniki byabaguzi (harimo na terefone zigendanwa, amasaha yubwenge, ibikoresho bya AR / VR, PC, hamwe n’aho bakorera) baribanda cyane ku gutunganya amakuru menshi ahantu hato, nubwo hibandwa cyane ku biciro. Gupakira igice cya semiconductor bizagira uruhare runini muriki cyerekezo, nubwo uburyo bwo gupakira bushobora gutandukana nibikoreshwa muri HPC.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukwakira-25-2024