Nyuma y’imyaka myinshi y’imyiteguro, uruganda rwa Texas Instruments rukora ibikoresho bya semiconductor ruri i Sherman rwatangiye gukora ku mugaragaro. Uru ruganda ruzatanga miliyari 40 z’amadolari rukora za chips miliyoni nyinshi z’ingenzi ku modoka, telefoni zigendanwa, ububiko bw’amakuru, n’ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki bya buri munsi—inganda zagizweho ingaruka n’icyorezo.
"Ingaruka z'inganda za semiconductor ku nzego zitandukanye ziratangaje. Hafi ya byose bifitanye isano n'ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga cyangwa bifitanye isano rya hafi na byo; bityo rero, ikintu cyonyine cyagize ingaruka mbi mu ruhererekane rw'ibikoresho byacu ku isi ni ukubangamira kwa Tayiwani n'utundi turere mu gihe cy'icyorezo, byatwigishije byinshi," ibi ni ibyatangajwe na James Grimsley, ushinzwe udushya mu karere mu kigo cy'ikoranabuhanga cya Texas na Ohio Semiconductor.
Umushinga wabanje gushyigikirwa n'ubutegetsi bwa Biden, kandi wakiriwe neza na Guverineri Greg Abbott. "Imashini zikora ibikoresho bya semiconductors ni ingenzi mu kubaka ibikorwa remezo by'ubutasi bw'ubukorano bigaragaza ejo hazaza hacu by'ukuri... Bifashijwemo na Texas Instruments, Texas izakomeza kugumana izina ryayo nk'ikigo gikomeye mu nganda zikora ibikoresho bya semiconductor, itanga amahirwe menshi y'akazi kurusha indi leta iyo ari yo yose," Guverineri Abbott yagize ati.
Uyu mushinga uzahangira imirimo mishya 3.000 muri Texas Instruments (TI) ifite icyicaro i Dallas kandi ushyigikire indi mirimo ibihumbi. Grimsley yongeyeho ati: "Si ko iyi mirimo yose isaba impamyabumenyi ya kaminuza. Imyanya myinshi muri iyi mirimo isaba amahugurwa y'imyuga gusa nyuma y'amashuri yisumbuye cyangwa kurangiza, bigatuma abantu babona imirimo ihemba neza kandi ikagira inyungu nyinshi kandi igashyiraho urufatiro rwo guteza imbere umwuga wabo mu gihe kirekire."
Gukora Chips miliyoni icumi
Texas Instruments (TI) yatangaje uyu munsi ko uruganda rushya rwa semiconductor rukorera i Sherman, muri Texas, rwatangiye gukora ku mugaragaro, nyuma y'imyaka itatu n'igice gusa rutangiye gukora. Abayobozi ba TI bishimiye irangira ry'iyi nyubako igezweho ya 300mm semiconductor mu majyaruguru ya Texas hamwe n'abayobozi ba leta n'abo mu nzego z'ibanze.
Uruganda rushya rwitwa SM1, rugiye kongera ubushobozi bwarwo bwo gukora hashingiwe ku byifuzo by'abakiriya, amaherezo rugakora za miliyoni nyinshi z'udupira dukoreshwa mu bikoresho hafi ya byose by'ikoranabuhanga, harimo telefoni zigendanwa, sisitemu z'imodoka, ibikoresho by'ubuvuzi bikiza ubuzima, roboti zo mu nganda, ibikoresho byo mu rugo bigezweho, n'ibigo by'amakuru.
Nk’ikigo kinini gikora ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki muri Amerika, Texas Instruments (TI) ikora ibikoresho bya analog na embedded processing chips, bikaba ari ingenzi ku bikoresho bya elegitoroniki hafi ya byose bigezweho. Bitewe n’ubwiyongere bw’ibicuruzwa bya elegitoroniki mu buzima bwa buri munsi, TI ikomeje kwagura urwego rwayo rwa 300mm semiconductor, ikoresha hafi ikinyejana cy’udushya. Mu gutunga no kugenzura ibikorwa byayo byo gukora, ikoranabuhanga ryo gutunganya, n’ikoranabuhanga ryo gupakira, TI ishobora gucunga neza uruhererekane rwayo rwo gutanga ibicuruzwa, ifasha abakiriya mu bintu bitandukanye mu myaka ibarirwa muri za mirongo iri imbere.
Perezida akaba n'umuyobozi mukuru wa TI, Haviv Ilan, yagize ati: "Itangizwa ry'umukino wa wafer uheruka muri Sherman rigaragaza imbaraga za Texas Instruments: kugenzura buri gice cy'imikorere kugira ngo haboneke semiconductors z'ibanze zikenewe cyane kuri sisitemu zose z'ikoranabuhanga. Nk'uruganda runini rw'imashini zitunganya analog na embedded muri Amerika, TI ifite inyungu idasanzwe mu gutanga ubushobozi bwizewe bwo gukora semiconductor ya 300mm ku rwego rwo hejuru. Dufite ishema ku nkomoko yacu y'imyaka hafi ijana muri Texas y'Amajyaruguru kandi dutegereje uburyo ikoranabuhanga rya TI rizatera imbere mu gihe kizaza."
TI irateganya kubaka inyubako enye za wafer zifatanye ku kibanza cyayo kinini cya Sherman, zizubakwa kandi zigashyirwamo ibikoresho hakurikijwe ibyo isoko rikeneye. Nizimara kuzura, iyi nyubako izatanga imirimo igera ku 3.000 kandi itange indi mirimo ibihumbi mu nganda zifitanye isano.
Ishoramari rya TI mu ruganda rwa Sherman ni kimwe mu bigize gahunda yagutse y'ishoramari igamije gushora imari irenga miliyari 60 z'amadolari mu nganda zirindwi zikora ibikoresho bya semiconductor muri Texas na Utah, ikaba ari yo shoramari rinini mu nganda z'ibanze zikora ibikoresho bya semiconductor mu mateka ya Amerika. TI ikora ahantu 15 ku isi hose, yishingikiriza ku bunararibonye bw'imyaka myinshi mu nganda kugira ngo igenzure neza urusobe rw'ibikoresho byayo no kwemeza ko abakiriya babona ibicuruzwa bakeneye.
Gutangirana na Power Chips
TI yavuze ko iterambere mu ikoranabuhanga rikunze gutangirira ku bibazo, bigaterwa n'abantu bahora bibaza bati "Ni iki gishoboka?" nubwo ibyo bahanga bitaramenyekana. Mu gihe cy'imyaka hafi ijana, TI yizeye ko igitekerezo cyose gikomeye gishobora gutera imbaraga abashya mu gisekuru gitaha. Kuva ku miyoboro y'amashanyarazi kugeza kuri transistors kugeza ku miyoboro ihuriweho—inkingi z'ingenzi z'ikoranabuhanga rigezweho rya elegitoroniki—TI yakomeje kurenga imipaka y'ikoranabuhanga, buri gisekuru cy'ikoranabuhanga gikomeza kubakira ku cyabanje.
Muri buri ntambwe y'ikoranabuhanga, Texas Instruments yabaye iya mbere: gushyigikira kugwa kwa mbere k'ukwezi mu isanzure; kongera umutekano no koroshya imodoka; gutwara udushya mu bikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga; gutuma robo zikora neza kandi zitekanye; no kunoza imikorere n'igihe cyo gukoresha mu bigo by'amakuru.
TI yagize ati: “Imashini zikora ibikoresho bya semiconductor dushushanya kandi tugakora zituma ibi byose bishoboka, bigatuma ikoranabuhanga rigabanuka, rirushaho gukora neza, ryizewe kandi rihendutse.”
Ahantu hashya i Sherman, umusaruro wa mbere w’inganda za wafer uri guhinduka impamo. Nyuma y’imyaka itatu n’igice yubatswe, inganda za TI za mega wafer za 300mm mega wafer ziheruka muri Sherman, muri Texas, zatangiye kugeza ku bakiriya ifiriti. Inganda nshya ya wafer, yitwa SM1, izongera buhoro buhoro ubushobozi bwayo bwo gukora hashingiwe ku byifuzo by’abakiriya, amaherezo ikagera ku musaruro wa buri munsi wa miliyoni mirongo z’ifiriti.
Perezida akaba n'umuyobozi mukuru wa TI, Haviv Ilan, yagize ati: "Sherman ahagarariye ibyo Texas Instruments ikora neza: kugenzura buri gice cy'iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga n'uburyo bwo gukora kugira ngo dushushanye kandi dutange ibicuruzwa byiza kandi bishya ku bakiriya bacu."
"Imashini zikorerwa muri uru ruganda zizateza imbere udushya tw'ingenzi mu nganda zitandukanye, kuva ku modoka na satelite kugeza ku bigo bishya by'amakuru. Ikoranabuhanga rya Texas Instruments ni ryo shingiro ry'iri terambere—rituma ikoranabuhanga dukoresha rirushaho kuba ryiza, rikora neza kandi ryizewe."
Muri icyo kigo cya Sherman, TI irimo gukora uduce tw’ingenzi tw’ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga bitandukanye. Muhammad Yunus, Visi Perezida Mukuru ushinzwe Ikoranabuhanga n’Inganda muri TI yagize ati: “Turasobanukiwe ko guhanga udushya no gukora ibintu bigomba kujyana.” “Ubushobozi bwacu bwo gukora ibintu ku rwego rw’isi, hamwe n’ubuhanga bwacu bwimbitse mu buhanga bw’ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga, bizaha abakiriya bacu serivisi nziza y’igihe kirekire.”
Ishoramari rya TI muri Sherman ni kimwe mu bigize gahunda yagutse yo gushora imari irenga miliyari 60 z'amadolari mu nganda zirindwi za semiconductor muri Texas na Utah, bikaba ari byo bituma riba ishoramari rinini cyane mu nganda z'ibanze za semiconductor mu mateka ya Amerika.
Nkuko TI yabivuze, ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi bya analog biri mu bicuruzwa bya mbere byatangijwe n'ikigo cya Sherman, bitera imbere mu nganda zitandukanye: gushyiraho uburyo bwiza bwo gucunga bateri; kugera ku iterambere rishya mu by'amatara y'imodoka; gutuma ibigo by'amakuru bitera imbere kugira ngo bihuze n'ingufu zikomeje kwiyongera z'ubwenge bw'ubukorano; no kongera igihe cy'ubuzima bwa bateri ku bikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga nka mudasobwa zigendanwa na za smartwatch.
Mark Gary, Visi Perezida Mukuru w’Ikigo cy’Ubucuruzi bw’Ibicuruzwa by’Ingufu bya Analog cya TI yagize ati: “Dukomeje gushyira imipaka y’ibicuruzwa byacu by’amashanyarazi—tugera ku bucucike bw’amashanyarazi bwinshi, twongera igihe cyo gukoresha bateri mu gihe umuriro udashobora guhagarara neza, kandi tukagabanya imiterere y’imikorere y’amashanyarazi, ibi bifasha gutuma sisitemu zitekanye, hatitawe ku muvuduko w’amashanyarazi.”
Ibicuruzwa bikoresha ingufu ni byo byiciro bya mbere by’ibicuruzwa bizakorerwa mu ruganda rwa Sherman, ariko iyi ni intangiriro gusa. Mu myaka iri imbere, uru ruganda ruzashobora gukora ubwoko bwose bw’ibicuruzwa bya Texas Instruments, bigashyigikira iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga mu gihe kizaza.
Mark yagize ati: “Uruganda rwacu rushya rwa Sherman ruzagira ingaruka ku isoko byihuse, kandi birashimishije gutekereza ku buryo ibi bicuruzwa bya mbere bizahindura ikoranabuhanga.”
TI yavuze ko iterambere ryayo mu bijyanye n'ibikoresho bya semiconductor rikomeza guteza imbere inganda zitandukanye kandi rigatera imbaraga ibitekerezo bikomeye ku isi. Hamwe n'inganda nka Sherman, TI yiteguye gushyigikira iterambere ry'ejo hazaza.
Kuva ku bikoresho by’ubuvuzi bikiza ubuzima kugeza ku bigo bitanga amakuru by’igihe kizaza, ikoranabuhanga rya TI rikoresha imbaraga mu bintu isi yishingikirizaho. Yunus yagize ati: "TI ikunze kuvuga iti: 'Niba ifite bateri, insinga, cyangwa umuriro, birashoboka ko irimo ikoranabuhanga rya Texas Instruments.'"
Muri Texas Instruments, kuba uwa mbere si iherezo; ni aho gutangirwa amahirwe atagira iherezo.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza 15-2025