Nk’uko amakuru abitangaza, Umuyobozi mukuru wa Intel, Lip-Bu Tan, atekereza guhagarika iterambere ry’isosiyete ikora 18A y’inganda (1.8nm) ku bakiriya bashinga imishinga ahubwo yibanda ku gisekuru kizaza 14A cyo gukora (1.4nm) mu rwego rwo gushaka ibicuruzwa bitangwa n’abakiriya bakomeye nka Apple na Nvidia. Niba iyi mpinduka yibanze ibaye, iranga inshuro ya kabiri ikurikiranye Intel yamanuye ibyihutirwa. Iri hinduka ryateganijwe rishobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye mu bijyanye n’amafaranga no guhindura inzira y’ubucuruzi bw’inganda za Intel, bigatuma sosiyete isohoka mu isoko ry’imishinga mu myaka iri imbere. Intel yatumenyesheje ko aya makuru ashingiye kubitekerezo ku isoko. Icyakora, umuvugizi yatanze ibisobanuro byinyongera kubijyanye nigishushanyo mbonera cyiterambere ryikigo, twashyizemo hepfo. Umuvugizi wa Intel yabwiye ibyuma bya Tom ati: "Ntabwo dutanga ibisobanuro ku bihuha ku isoko no ku bitekerezo." "Nkuko twabivuze mbere, twiyemeje gushimangira igishushanyo mbonera cy'iterambere, gukorera abakiriya bacu, no kuzamura ubukungu bw'ejo hazaza."
Kuva yatangira imirimo muri Werurwe, Tan yatangaje gahunda yo kugabanya ibiciro muri Mata, biteganijwe ko hazaba harimo guhagarika akazi no guhagarika imishinga imwe n'imwe. Nk’uko amakuru abitangaza, muri Kamena, yatangiye gusangira na bagenzi be ko ubujurire bwa gahunda ya 18A - bugamije kwerekana ubushobozi bw’inganda za Intel-bwagabanutse ku bakiriya bo hanze, bituma yemera ko byari bikwiye ko iyi sosiyete ihagarika gutanga 18A hamwe na 18A-P yazamuye ku bakiriya bashinzwe.
Ahubwo, Tan yatanze igitekerezo cyo gutanga ibikoresho byinshi kugirango yuzuze kandi atezimbere isosiyete izakurikiraho, 14A, biteganijwe ko izaba yiteguye kubyara ingaruka mu 2027 ndetse n’umusaruro rusange mu 2028. Urebye igihe cya 14A, ubu ni igihe cyo gutangira kuyiteza imbere mu bakiriya ba Intel bashobora gushinga imishinga.
Tekinoroji ya Intel ya 18A ya Intel nisoko ryambere ryisosiyete ikoresha ibisekuru byayo bya kabiri RibbonFET irembo-hirya no hino (GAA) tristoriste hamwe na PowerVia umuyoboro wogutanga amashanyarazi (BSPDN). Ibinyuranye, 14A ikoresha tristoriste ya RibbonFET hamwe na tekinoroji ya PowerDirect BSPDN, itanga imbaraga kumasoko no gutemba kwa buri tristoriste binyuze mumibonano yihariye, kandi ifite tekinoroji ya Turbo Cells yinzira zikomeye. Byongeye kandi, 18A nubuhanga bwa mbere bwa Intel bugezweho bujyanye nibikoresho byabandi byashushanyije kubakiriya bayo.
Nk’uko abari mu gihugu babitangaza, niba Intel iretse kugurisha hanze ya 18A na 18A-P, bizakenera kwandika amafaranga menshi kugira ngo ihoshe amamiliyaridi y’amadolari yashowe mu guteza imbere ubwo buhanga bwo gukora. Ukurikije uko ibiciro byiterambere bibarwa, inyandiko yanyuma ishobora kugera kuri miriyoni amagana cyangwa na miliyari y'amadorari.
RibbonFET na PowerVia byabanje gutunganywa kuri 20A, ariko Kanama gushize, ikoranabuhanga ryakuweho kugirango ibicuruzwa byimbere bibanze kuri 18A kubicuruzwa byimbere mu gihugu no hanze.
Impamvu itera intambwe ya Intel irashobora kuba yoroshye: mugabanya umubare wabakiriya ba 18A, isosiyete irashobora kugabanya ibiciro byakazi. Ibyinshi mu bikoresho bisabwa kuri 20A, 18A, na 14A (usibye ibikoresho byinshi bya aperture EUV) bimaze gukoreshwa kuri fab ya D1D muri Oregon na Fab 52 na Fab 62 muri Arizona. Ariko, ibi bikoresho nibimara gukora kumugaragaro, isosiyete igomba kubara amafaranga yataye agaciro. Imbere yumukiriya wa gatatu utazwi neza, kudakoresha ibi bikoresho bishobora kwemerera Intel kugabanya ibiciro. Byongeye kandi, mu kudaha 18A na 18A-P kubakiriya bo hanze, Intel irashobora kuzigama amafaranga yubwubatsi bujyanye no gushyigikira imiyoboro yabandi mugice cyo gutoranya, kubyara umusaruro, no kubyaza umusaruro Intel fabs. Biragaragara, ibi nibitekerezo gusa. Ariko, muguhagarika gutanga 18A na 18A-P kubakiriya bo hanze, Intel ntizashobora kwerekana ibyiza byinganda zayo zikora kubakiriya benshi bafite ibishushanyo bitandukanye, ikabasigira amahitamo imwe gusa mumyaka ibiri cyangwa itatu iri imbere: gukorana na TSMC no gukoresha N2, N2P, cyangwa na A16.
Mugihe Samsung igiye gutangira kumugaragaro umusaruro wa chip kuri node ya SF2 (izwi kandi nka SF3P) nyuma yuyu mwaka, biteganijwe ko iyi node izasubira inyuma ya Intel ya 18A na N2 na A16 ya TSMC mubijyanye nimbaraga, imikorere, nakarere. Mu byingenzi, Intel ntabwo izahatana na N2 na A16 ya TSMC, rwose ntabwo ifasha mugutsindira abakiriya bashobora kugirira ikizere ibindi bicuruzwa bya Intel (nka 14A, 3-T / 3-E, Intel / UMC 12nm, nibindi). Ababishinzwe bagaragaje ko Tan yasabye impuguke za Intel gutegura icyifuzo cyo kuganira n’ubuyobozi bwa Intel muri uku kwezi. Icyifuzo gishobora kubamo guhagarika isinywa ryabakiriya bashya kubikorwa bya 18A, ariko urebye igipimo nuburemere bwikibazo, icyemezo cya nyuma gishobora gutegereza kugeza igihe inama izongera guhura nyuma yuyu mwaka.
Intel ubwayo ngo yanze kuganira kuri hypothettike ariko yemeza ko abakiriya bambere kuri 18A aribo bagabanije ibicuruzwa, bateganya gukoresha ikoranabuhanga mu gukora mudasobwa igendanwa ya Panther Lake CPU guhera mu 2025.
Ibisabwa bigarukira? Imbaraga za Intel zo gukurura abakiriya benshi bo hanze mu ruganda rwarwo ni ingenzi cyane kugirango ruhinduke, kuko umubare munini gusa uzemerera isosiyete kwishyura amafaranga ya miliyari yakoresheje mu guteza imbere ikoranabuhanga ryayo. Ariko, usibye Intel ubwayo, gusa Amazon, Microsoft, na Minisiteri y’ingabo z’Amerika bemeje ku mugaragaro gahunda yo gukoresha 18A. Raporo zerekana ko Broadcom na Nvidia nazo zigerageza ikoranabuhanga rya Intel rigezweho, ariko bakaba batarabyemeza kubikoresha kubicuruzwa nyabyo. Ugereranije na N2 ya TSMC, 18A ya Intel ifite inyungu zingenzi: ishyigikira itangwa ryinyuma yinyuma, ifasha cyane cyane kubitunganya ingufu nyinshi bigamije gukoresha AI na HPC. Biteganijwe ko A16 itunganya TS16, ifite ibikoresho bya gari ya moshi nini cyane (SPR), biteganijwe ko izinjira mu musaruro rusange mu mpera za 2026, bivuze ko 18A izakomeza inyungu zayo zo gutanga amashanyarazi ku ruhande rwa Amazone, Microsoft, ndetse n’abandi bakiriya bayo mu gihe runaka. Nyamara, N2 iteganijwe gutanga ubwinshi bwa transistor, ibyo bikaba byunguka ubwinshi bwibishushanyo mbonera. Byongeye kandi, mu gihe Intel yagiye ikora chip ya Panther Lake kuri D1D fab yayo mu bihembwe byinshi (bityo, Intel iracyakoresha 18A mu gutanga ibyago), ubwinshi bwayo Fab 52 na Fab 62 yatangiye gukoresha imashini yipimisha 18A muri Werurwe uyu mwaka, bivuze ko batazatangira gukora imashini zubucuruzi kugeza mu mpera za 2025, cyangwa se mu buryo bwuzuye, mu ntangiriro za 2025. Birumvikana ko abakiriya ba Intel bashishikajwe no gukora ibihangano byabo muri Arizona.
Muri make, Umuyobozi mukuru wa Intel, Lip-Bu Tan, aratekereza guhagarika iterambere ry’isosiyete ikora 18A y’inganda ku bakiriya bo hanze ahubwo yibanda ku gisekuru kizaza 14A cy’ibicuruzwa, igamije gukurura abakiriya bakomeye nka Apple na Nvidia. Uku kwimuka gushobora gutuma habaho kwandika cyane, kuko Intel yashoye miliyari mu guteza imbere tekinoroji ya 18A na 18A-P. Guhindura ibitekerezo kuri gahunda ya 14A birashobora gufasha kugabanya ibiciro no gutegura neza abakiriya b’abandi bantu, ariko birashobora no guhungabanya icyizere ku bushobozi bwa fondasiyo ya Intel mbere yuko gahunda ya 14A itangira kwinjira mu 2027-2028. Mugihe 18A node ikomeje kuba ingenzi kubicuruzwa bya Intel (nka Panther Lake CPU), ibyifuzo byabandi bantu (kugeza ubu, Amazone, Microsoft, na Minisiteri y’ingabo z’Amerika byemeje ko bizakoreshwa) bitera impungenge ku mibereho yabyo. Iki cyemezo gishobora gusobanura neza ko Intel ishobora kuva mumasoko yagutse mbere yuko 14A itangira. Nubwo Intel amaherezo ihitamo gukuraho inzira ya 18A mumasoko yatangijwe kubisabwa bitandukanye hamwe nabakiriya, isosiyete izakomeza gukoresha inzira ya 18A kugirango ikore chip kubicuruzwa byayo bimaze gutegurwa muribwo buryo. Intel irashaka kandi kuzuza ibyo yiyemeje kugarukira, harimo gutanga chip kubakiriya bavuzwe haruguru.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nyakanga-21-2025