Byombi SoC (Sisitemu kuri Chip) na SiP (Sisitemu muri Package) ni intambwe yingenzi mugutezimbere imiyoboro igezweho ihuriweho, ituma miniaturizasi, ikora neza, hamwe no guhuza sisitemu ya elegitoroniki.
1. Ibisobanuro nibisobanuro byibanze bya SoC na SiP
SoC (Sisitemu kuri Chip) - Kwinjiza sisitemu yose muri chip imwe
SoC ni nk'ikirere, aho module zose zikora zateguwe kandi zinjijwe muri chip imwe yumubiri. Igitekerezo cyibanze cya SoC nuguhuza ibice byose byingenzi bigize sisitemu ya elegitoronike, harimo itunganywa (CPU), kwibuka, modules zitumanaho, imiyoboro ya analog, imiyoboro ya sensor, hamwe nubundi buryo butandukanye bukora, kuri chip imwe. Ibyiza bya SoC biri murwego rwo hejuru rwo kwishyira hamwe nubunini buto, bitanga inyungu zikomeye mumikorere, gukoresha ingufu, hamwe nubunini, bigatuma bikwiranye cyane cyane nibikorwa bikora neza, byangiza ingufu. Abatunganya muri terefone zigendanwa za Apple ni ingero za chip ya SoC.
Kugira ngo tubyerekane, SoC ni nka "super inyubako" mumujyi, aho imirimo yose ikorerwa imbere, kandi modul zitandukanye zikorwa zimeze nkigorofa zitandukanye: bimwe ni ibiro byibiro (abatunganya), bimwe ni ahantu ho kwidagadurira (kwibuka), naho ibindi ni imiyoboro y'itumanaho (interineti y'itumanaho), byose byibanze mu nyubako imwe (chip). Ibi bituma sisitemu yose ikora kuri chip imwe ya silicon, igera kubikorwa byiza no gukora.
SiP (Sisitemu muri Package) - Guhuza chip zitandukanye hamwe
Uburyo bwa tekinoroji ya SiP buratandukanye. Nibindi nko gupakira chip nyinshi hamwe nibikorwa bitandukanye murwego rumwe rwumubiri. Yibanze ku guhuza chip nyinshi zikora binyuze mubuhanga bwo gupakira aho kuyinjiza muri chip imwe nka SoC. SiP yemerera chip nyinshi (gutunganya, kwibuka, chip ya RF, nibindi) gupakirwa kuruhande cyangwa gutondekanya muburyo bumwe, bigakora igisubizo kurwego rwa sisitemu.
Igitekerezo cya SiP gishobora kugereranywa no guteranya agasanduku k'ibikoresho. Agasanduku k'ibikoresho gashobora kuba karimo ibikoresho bitandukanye, nka screwdrivers, inyundo, na myitozo. Nubwo ari ibikoresho byigenga, byose byahujwe mumasanduku imwe kugirango bikoreshwe neza. Inyungu yubu buryo nuko buri gikoresho gishobora gutezwa imbere no kubyazwa umusaruro ukwacyo, kandi birashobora "gukusanyirizwa hamwe" muri sisitemu ya sisitemu nkuko bikenewe, bitanga ubworoherane n'umuvuduko.
2. Ibiranga tekinike nibitandukaniro hagati ya SoC na SiP
Uburyo bwo Kwishyira hamwe Itandukaniro:
SoC: Module itandukanye ikora (nka CPU, kwibuka, I / O, nibindi) byakozwe muburyo butaziguye kuri chip ya silicon imwe. Module zose zisangiye inzira imwe nuburyo bwo gushushanya, bikora sisitemu ihuriweho.
SiP: Chip zitandukanye zitandukanye zirashobora gukorwa hakoreshejwe inzira zitandukanye hanyuma igahuzwa muri module imwe yo gupakira ukoresheje tekinoroji yo gupakira 3D kugirango ikore sisitemu ifatika.
Igishushanyo mbonera no guhinduka:
SoC: Kubera ko module zose zahujwe kuri chip imwe, igishushanyo mbonera ni kinini cyane, cyane cyane kubufatanye bwogukora muburyo butandukanye nka digitale, analog, RF, na memoire. Ibi bisaba injeniyeri kugira ubushobozi bwimbitse bwambukiranya imipaka. Byongeye kandi, niba hari ikibazo cyo gushushanya hamwe na module iyo ari yo yose muri SoC, chip yose irashobora gukenera guhindurwa bundi bushya, bitera ingaruka zikomeye.
SiP: Ibinyuranye, SiP itanga igishushanyo kinini. Module zitandukanye zikorwa zirashobora gushushanywa no kugenzurwa ukundi mbere yo gupakirwa muri sisitemu. Niba ikibazo kivutse hamwe na module, gusa iyo module igomba gusimburwa, hasigara ibindi bice bitagize ingaruka. Ibi kandi bituma umuvuduko witerambere wihuta hamwe ningaruka nke ugereranije na SoC.
Guhuza inzira n'imbogamizi:
SoC: Guhuza imirimo itandukanye nka digitale, igereranya, na RF kuri chip imwe ihura nibibazo bikomeye muburyo bwo guhuza ibikorwa. Inzira zitandukanye zikorwa zisaba inzira zitandukanye zo gukora; kurugero, imiyoboro ya sisitemu ikenera umuvuduko mwinshi, imbaraga nkeya, mugihe ibigereranyo bisa bishobora gukenera kugenzura neza voltage. Kugera ku guhuza muri izi nzira zitandukanye kuri chip imwe biragoye cyane.
SiP: Binyuze mu buhanga bwo gupakira, SiP irashobora guhuza chip yakozwe hakoreshejwe inzira zitandukanye, ikemura ibibazo bihuza inzira ihura nikoranabuhanga rya SoC. SiP yemerera chip nyinshi zitandukanye kugirango zikore hamwe muri paki imwe, ariko ibisabwa byukuri kubikoresho byo gupakira ni byinshi.
Inzira ya R&D hamwe nigiciro:
SoC: Kubera ko SoC isaba gushushanya no kugenzura module zose kuva kera, igishushanyo mbonera ni kirekire. Buri cyiciro kigomba gukorerwa igishushanyo mbonera, kugenzura, no kugerageza, kandi inzira rusange yiterambere irashobora gufata imyaka myinshi, bikavamo ibiciro byinshi. Ariko, iyo bimaze gukorwa mubikorwa byinshi, igiciro cyibiciro kiri hasi kubera kwishyira hamwe kwinshi.
SiP: Inzira ya R&D ni ngufi kuri SiP. Kuberako SiP ikoresha mu buryo butaziguye chip yagenzuwe ikora, igabanya igihe gikenewe kugirango module isubiremo. Ibi bituma ibicuruzwa byihuta kandi bigabanya cyane ibiciro bya R&D.
Imikorere ya sisitemu n'ubunini:
SoC: Kubera ko module zose ziri kuri chip imwe, gutinda kw'itumanaho, gutakaza ingufu, no guhuza ibimenyetso bigabanuka, bigaha SoC inyungu ntagereranywa mumikorere no gukoresha ingufu. Ingano yacyo ni ntoya, ituma bikwiranye cyane na porogaramu zifite imikorere ihanitse hamwe n’ibisabwa ingufu, nka terefone zigendanwa hamwe na chip yo gutunganya amashusho.
SiP: Nubwo urwego rwo kwishyira hamwe rwa SiP rutari hejuru nkurwo rwa SoC, rurashobora guhita rushyira hamwe chip zitandukanye hamwe hakoreshejwe tekinoroji yo gupakira ibice byinshi, bikavamo ubunini buto ugereranije nibisubizo gakondo byinshi. Byongeye kandi, kubera ko modules zapakiwe kumubiri aho guhurizwa kuri chip imwe ya silicon, mugihe imikorere idashobora guhura nkiya SoC, irashobora guhura nibikenewe mubisabwa byinshi.
3. Porogaramu yo gusaba kuri SoC na SiP
Ikoreshwa rya Porogaramu kuri SoC:
SoC mubisanzwe ikwiranye nimirima ifite ibisabwa byinshi mubunini, gukoresha ingufu, no gukora. Urugero:
Terefone zigendanwa: Gutunganya muri terefone zigendanwa (nka chip ya A-seri ya Apple cyangwa Snapdragon ya Qualcomm) mubisanzwe ni SoC ihuriweho cyane irimo CPU, GPU, ibice bitunganya AI, modules zitumanaho, nibindi, bisaba imikorere ikomeye no gukoresha ingufu nke.
Gutunganya amashusho: Muri kamera ya digitale na drone, ibice bitunganya amashusho akenshi bisaba ubushobozi bukomeye bwo gutunganya hamwe nubukererwe buke, ibyo SoC ishobora kubigeraho neza.
Sisitemu yohejuru cyane-Sisitemu: SoC irakwiriye cyane cyane kubikoresho bito bifite ingufu zingirakamaro zisabwa, nkibikoresho bya IoT nibishobora kwambara.
Porogaramu yo gusaba kuri SiP:
SiP ifite intera yagutse ya porogaramu, ikwiranye nimirima isaba iterambere ryihuse hamwe nibikorwa byinshi, nka:
Ibikoresho by'itumanaho: Kuri sitasiyo fatizo, router, nibindi, SiP irashobora guhuza ibyuma byinshi bya RF hamwe nibimenyetso bya digitale, byihutisha iterambere ryibicuruzwa.
Abaguzi ba elegitoroniki: Kubicuruzwa nkamasaha yubwenge hamwe na Headet ya Bluetooth, bifite uburyo bwo kuzamura byihuse, tekinoroji ya SiP itanga uburyo bwihuse bwibicuruzwa bishya biranga.
Automotive Electronics: Igenzura modules na sisitemu ya radar muri sisitemu yimodoka irashobora gukoresha tekinoroji ya SiP kugirango ihuze byihuse module zitandukanye.
4. Iterambere ry'ejo hazaza rya SoC na SiP
Inzira mu iterambere rya SoC:
SoC izakomeza kwihinduranya igana ku kwishyira hamwe kwinshi no kwishyira hamwe, birashoboka ko harimo guhuza byinshi bitunganya AI, modul ya 5G itumanaho, nibindi bikorwa, bigatera imbere ubwihindurize bwibikoresho byubwenge.
Inzira mu iterambere rya SiP:
SiP izarushaho gushingira ku buhanga buhanitse bwo gupakira, nka 2.5D na 3D bipfunyika bipfunyika, kugirango bipakire neza chip hamwe nibikorwa bitandukanye hamwe nibikorwa bitandukanye kugirango bihuze isoko ryihuse.
5. Umwanzuro
SoC irasa cyane no kubaka super skyscraper yibikorwa byinshi, yibanda kubintu byose bikora muburyo bumwe, bikwiranye nibisabwa hamwe nibisabwa cyane mubikorwa, ingano, hamwe no gukoresha ingufu. Ku rundi ruhande, SiP, ni nka "gupakira" chip zitandukanye zikora muri sisitemu, yibanda cyane ku guhinduka no kwihuta kwiterambere, cyane cyane kubikoresho bya elegitoroniki byabaguzi bisaba kuvugururwa byihuse. Byombi bifite imbaraga: SoC ishimangira imikorere ya sisitemu nziza nubunini bwiza, mugihe SiP yerekana sisitemu ihinduka no gutezimbere kwiterambere.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukwakira-28-2024